How the currency converter works
Every rate is stored as “units of a currency per 1 euro”. To convert between any two currencies, the converter divides one euro rate by the other. This is called a cross rate.
The inverse rate is simply 1 divided by the cross rate. The box under the result shows the exact sum for the pair you picked, and the two tables list common amounts in both directions.
Where the rates come from
- European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB publishes euro reference rates for about 30 major currencies, including the US dollar, British pound, Indian rupee, Canadian and Australian dollars, yen and yuan. They come out once each working day at about 16:00 Central European Time.
- currency-api. The ECB does not publish rates for the Pakistani rupee, UAE dirham, Saudi riyal and some other currencies. These come from the open-source currency-api daily feed. Its rates are quoted per US dollar, and the converter links them to the ECB’s dollar rate.
Because those currencies are linked through the dollar, a pair like USD to AED or AED to PKR uses only the market feed, and fixed pegs stay exact. A pair like GBP to PKR uses both sources. The line under the result names each source and its date.
We check for new rates several times a day and keep the last good set if a source is down. Nothing you type is sent anywhere: the page downloads the same rate table for everyone and does the maths in your browser.
Worked examples
US dollars to Pakistani rupees. Suppose the market feed says 1 US dollar is 280.50 rupees. A freelancer paid $1,250 is owed 1,250 × 280.50 = Rs 350,625 at the mid-market rate. If the bank’s rate is 278.00, they receive Rs 347,500. That gap of Rs 3,125 is the hidden cost of the exchange.
Dirhams to rupees. The dirham is pegged at 3.6725 per US dollar. At 280.50 rupees per dollar, 1 dirham is 280.50 ÷ 3.6725 = 76.38 rupees, so a transfer of AED 2,000 is worth about Rs 152,757.
Pounds to dollars through the euro. If 1 euro = 1.1133 US dollars and 1 euro = 0.83785 pounds, then 1 pound = 1.1133 ÷ 0.83785 = 1.3288 dollars. £500 is about $664.38.
(These numbers only show the method. The converter above uses today’s rates.)
Reference rate vs the rate you are offered
The converter shows a mid-market rate: the midpoint between buying and selling prices. Nobody sells currency at exactly that rate. Here is where the difference usually comes from:
| Where you change money | Typical cost on top of the mid-market rate |
|---|---|
| Specialist money-transfer app | 0.3–2% margin, sometimes a small fixed fee |
| High-street bank transfer | 2–4% margin plus a transfer fee |
| Card abroad (no foreign fee card) | Close to the card network rate |
| Card abroad (standard card) | About 3% foreign transaction fee |
| Airport or hotel cash counter | Often 5–10% or more |
These ranges are rough guides, not quotes. Always compare the final amount the recipient gets, because a provider with “zero fees” can still charge through a weaker rate. If a card machine abroad offers to charge you in your home currency, say no and pay in the local currency.
Tips
- Weekend rates. The ECB does not publish on weekends or TARGET holidays, so Friday’s rate stays in place until Monday.
- Open market vs interbank. In Pakistan, Bangladesh and some other countries, cash dealers quote an open market rate that can be a few units away from the interbank rate. Ask your dealer for both their buying and selling rate.
- Pegged currencies. The UAE dirham (3.6725), Saudi riyal (3.75), Qatari riyal (3.64), Omani rial (0.3845) and Bahraini dinar (0.376) are fixed to the US dollar, so their rates against the dollar barely move.
- Three-decimal currencies. The Kuwaiti dinar, Bahraini dinar, Omani rial and Jordanian dinar have 1,000 minor units, so amounts show three decimals.
- Official uses. For tax returns, customs and contracts, use the official rate your tax authority or contract names, not this converter.
Related tools
Planning to give charity from savings held in more than one currency? Convert them here, then use the zakat calculator. To price gold bought abroad, use the gold price calculator. For Gulf end-of-service pay, see the UAE gratuity calculator, and for salaries paid in Pakistan, the Pakistan salary tax calculator.
Popular currency pairs
Each page has the converter preset to the pair, plus notes on pegs, remittances and fees for that route.
- USD to PKR: US dollar to Pakistani rupee
- AED to PKR: UAE dirham to Pakistani rupee
- SAR to PKR: Saudi riyal to Pakistani rupee
- GBP to PKR: British pound to Pakistani rupee
- EUR to PKR: Euro to Pakistani rupee
- CAD to PKR: Canadian dollar to Pakistani rupee
- QAR to PKR: Qatari riyal to Pakistani rupee
- KWD to PKR: Kuwaiti dinar to Pakistani rupee
- OMR to PKR: Omani rial to Pakistani rupee
- USD to INR: US dollar to Indian rupee
- AED to INR: UAE dirham to Indian rupee
- GBP to INR: British pound to Indian rupee
- SAR to INR: Saudi riyal to Indian rupee
- USD to AED: US dollar to UAE dirham
- USD to SAR: US dollar to Saudi riyal
- EUR to USD: Euro to US dollar
- USD to EUR: US dollar to Euro
- GBP to USD: British pound to US dollar
- GBP to EUR: British pound to Euro
- CAD to USD: Canadian dollar to US dollar
- AUD to USD: Australian dollar to US dollar
- USD to BDT: US dollar to Bangladeshi taka