What changes from state to state
- State income tax. No tax on wages in Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wyoming. A flat rate in 15 states, from 2.5% to 5.3%. Graduated brackets elsewhere, topping out at 13.3% in California.
- Deductions and exemptions. Some states copy the federal standard deduction, some have their own smaller one, and some (like Pennsylvania) have none at all. A few tax your 401(k) or HSA contributions even though federal tax does not.
- Local income tax. Cities, counties or school districts tax wages in Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The state pages let you pick your area or type your local rate.
- Payroll programs. Disability insurance, paid family leave, unemployment insurance and long-term care programs take a small percentage of pay in 16 states.
Live in one state, work in another?
You usually pay income tax to the state where you work, and your home state gives you a credit for it. States with a reciprocal agreement skip that: you pay only your home state, after giving your employer the right exemption form. Each state page lists its reciprocal partners and links to its neighbors. For a quick estimate with a flat state rate, use the main paycheck calculator.